Empowered Relief, cognitive behavioral therapy, and health education for people with chronic pain: a comparison of outcomes at 6-month Follow-up for a randomized controlled trial

Empowered Relief, cognitive behavioral therapy, and health education for people with chronic pain: a comparison of outcomes at 6-month Follow-up for a randomized controlled trial

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Abstract.Introduction:.We previously conducted a 3-arm randomized trial (263 adults with chronic low back pain) which compared group-based (1) single-session pain relief skills intervention (Empowered Relief; ER); (2) 8-session cognitive behavioral therapy fleshlight automatique (CBT) for chronic back pain; and (3) single-session health and back pain education class (HE).Results suggested non-inferiority of ER vs.CBT at 3 months post-treatment on an array of outcomes.

Methods:.Here, we tested the durability of treatment effects at 6 months post-treatment.We examined group differences in primary and secondary outcomes at 6 months and the degree to which outcomes eroded or improved from 3-month to 6-month within each treatment group.Results:.Empowered Relief remained non-inferior to CBT on most outcomes, whereas both ER and CBT remained superior to HE on most outcomes.

Outcome improvements within ER did not decrease significantly from 3-month to 6-month, and indeed ER showed additional 3- to 6-month improvements on pain catastrophizing, pain bothersomeness, and anxiety.Effects of ER at 6 months post-treatment (moderate term outcomes) kept pace with effects reported by participants who underwent 8-session CBT.Conclusions:.The maintenance of these absolute levels implies strong stability of ER effects.Results extend to 6 months post-treatment previous product findings documenting that ER and CBT exhibit similarly potent effects on outcomes.